This will be done by ensuring daily physical presence among nine gorilla groups (120 indidivudals total) by accompanying each group with a team of three-four paramilitary trained trackers; collecting daily standardized health, demographic, and ranging data to guide veterinary and park management; conducting 75 independent anti-poaching patrols in the Karisoke sector of Volcanoes National Park; conducting 275 anti-poaching patrols alonsgide national park service staff; developing the scientific expertise of Rwandan research assistants in basic scientific methodologies; and building the capacity of undergraduate science managers in conjunction with the National University of Rwanda.